A formal design is a formal document describing a system, process, plan, or procedure.
A system is a set of components interacting over time.
A process is a feedback loop created within or by a system.
A procedure is a series of steps performed to achieve a goal.
A plan is an intention to respond to situations in a predetermined way.
A design includes a description with a labeled diagram.
A design contains contingency upgrades for changes in population, financial standing, or emergency.