Electrical Microgrid

An electrical microgrid is a private electrical grid that generates, stores and distributes power for a small community.

The purpose of a microgrid is to mitigate power losses and provide a privately owned distribution network for power.

These grids are not yet widely deployed in the United States, but there are some pilot projects. Micro grids are common in Pakistan and Nigeria.

When a microgrids runs independently of the main grid it is called “islanding”.

Electricity from generators flows through the microgrid, charging batteries and powering connected loads.

An inverter converts direct current into alternating current.

Solar panels and solar batteries operate on direct current. An inverter is necessary to convert this direct current into alternating current that can be distributed to homes.

The DC connection box joins multiple DC connections and ensures that the batteries and inverter receive the correct amounts of power.

The AC distribution panel distributes AC power to multiple circuits. It contains a main breaker that can be used to disable the electrical system for maintenance.

Micro hydro-electic power and combustion generators can be used in place of solar generation.

Each building could contain its own PV array and battery. This simplifies distribution.

• A 100kW PV array can cost $100,000.
• A 100kW micro hydro generator can cost $60,000.
• A 100kW inverter can cost $50,000.
• Energy can be sold back to the grid at a rate of $350/kW/year.